Air Pollution in Mexico City Essay - 1224 Words

Air Pollution in Mexico City Mexico City adds an estimated one million new residents each year, resulting in one million new aggravates to the city’s already abominable air quality (Collins, 119). Over the span of a generation, Mexico City’s air has gone from being one of the world’s cleanest to one of the world’s most polluted, as well as the most polluted in its country. The average visibility in the city is down from almost 100 km in the 1940s to only 1.5 km today, removing the once beautiful landscape of the surrounding snow-capped volcanoes (Yip, 1). More significantly, however, Mexico City’s air problems have resulted in a notable decrease in the health of its residents, particularly its children. There are a variety†¦show more content†¦Other leading causes of air pollution in Mexico City are the nearly 500 factories, refineries, and power plants in the city classified as high polluters. Few factories have properly installed or maintained emission controls, whil e many have none at all. Furthermore, because the price of noncompliance fines is lower than new equipment, there is little incentive for owners to change. Industrial enterprises produce ozone precursors that react in the presence of sunlight to form ground level ozone, which leads to ozone-rich photochemical smog (Collins, 126). Though it is improving, in the late 1990s Ozone levels exceeded acceptable standards 300 days a year (Yip, 3). Suspended particles—all particles in the atmosphere smaller than 20 microns—are also responsible for much of Mexico City’s air pollution, producing the haze and acidic brown rain that falls on the city. Incomplete combustion from sources like thermal generators, boilers, and incinerators is a leading source of particles, as well as vehicle emissions. Particles are also swept into the city naturally from dry beds and dust storms, where the mountain-rimmed basin createsShow MoreRelatedAir Pollution in Mexico City3015 Words   |à ‚  13 Pages Air Pollution in Mexico City Outline Title: Air Pollution in Mexico City I. Introduction General information about the problem: As the vehicle population reached more than 700 million, numerous cities experiencing rapid industrialization started to suffer from air pollution. Some of them reduced the air pollution level; however there are still some that are considered to be the most polluted cities in the world. Introduction of the problem: One of them is Mexico City. AccordingRead MorePopulation in Mexico City758 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation in Mexico City There are parts of the world that have an alarming overpopulation rate, one of these locations is Mexico city which is located in the Federal District, Capital of the Country of Mexico. 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That resulted in uncontrollableRead MoreEssay What are the factors behind the rise of megacities987 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿What are the factors behind the rise of Mega Cities, and to what extent are these urban areas sustainable? Megacities, defined by population, have at least 10 million inhabitants. In recent years, megacities in the developing world have grown rapidly with little or no planning. As a result, they face cries of infrastructure, poverty and unemployment. The driving force for the rise of megacities is mass urbanisation between rural – urban areas, as well as rates of natural increase that are higherRead MoreExplain How Urban Heat Islands Develop? to What Extent Uhi Influence1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe reason the city is warmer than the country comes down to a difference between the energy gains and losses of each region. The obvious reason is that the urban structure has changed the atmospheric composition and altered the UH budget. Firstly, during the day in rural areas, the solar energy absorbed near the ground evaporates water from the vegetation and soil. Thus, while there is a net solar energy gain, this is compensated to some degree by evaporative cooling. In cities with less vegetationRead MoreGlobalization: Maquiladoras and Their Negative Impact Upon the Environment and Women in Mexico1511 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization: Maquiladoras and Their Negative Impact upon the Environment and Women in Mexico As firms increased commerce by expanding their business into markets located in different countries, numerous trade barriers and international restrictions have been progressively disabled. This cross-border trading has changed the once historically distinct and separate national markets into a global marketplace. Now the economies of countries throughout the world have become interpedently linked. ThisRead MoreEssay about Problems Due To Urbanization1088 Words   |  5 PagesRecently, as developed countries, many cities have become more suitable to live in with all facilities that people need in favor of a comfortable live style. Therefore, many people migrate from rural areas to urban areas in a process so called urbanization (Wikipedia, 2009). Urbanization has become one of the most important issues facing both people live and governments in most countries. An important term that has been suggested as a policy to solve the problems associated with urbanization isRead MoreEthic s and Environmental Case Study Essay2944 Words   |  12 Pages28, 2011 Howard Schmidt, M.S., M.B.A. Ethics and Environment Case Study Project When air pollution is mentioned, many think of the city Los Angeles. However, Beijing China and Mexico City have become well known for air pollution, with Beijing topping the list of worst air quality in the world (Raven, Berg, Hassenzahl. 2010). At the same time Mexico City is no stranger to air pollution, ranking fourth of major metropolitan areas in the world (Raven, et.al, 2010). Leaders in developingRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Society And The Environment1652 Words   |  7 Pagesatmospheric temperatures, cities around the world cannot escape the effects of climate change, but they are able to combat it. They are able to help the earth instead of continuing to harm it, and the way to do this is through implementing climate change programs. Even if one city chooses not to carry out such a program, it does not mean another city should not, and many cities around the globe have already taken the steps to carry out long-term programs with lasting effects. Cities that have implementedRead More‚Äà ºHow Do Chemical Elements Effect the Environment‚Äà ¹1565 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"How do chemical elements effect the environment† (1.236 words) Atmospheric pollution Most of the people live within the major cities where the evidence of pollution in the atmosphere can almost be seen daily. Your Task You will need to write an essay (700-1200 words) or prepare a presentation using the following guidelines. †¢ How are chemist addressing the problem of athmospheric pollution? †¢ Describe the impact on one or two of the following factors : scoial,economic

Fracking Fracking And Its Effects On The Environment

Hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as fracking, is a widespread practice in the United States. Fracking is a method used to extract oil and natural gas. Scientists and citizens report detrimental side effects of hydraulic drilling. New York and Vermont have banned fracking statewide. Maryland has set a two year moratorium on fracking, so that more research can be done to show the impacts of fracking on the environment. Nationwide, many other cities and counties have banned fracking as well. All states should look into finding alternative sources of energy, instead of using devastating practices like fracking to extract non-renewable resources. Hydraulic fracturing is a technique that combines water mixed with chemicals that is then pumped into shale deposits, allowing access to underground stores of natural gas and other resources. The high pressure used to pump the liquid mix into the shale causes the rocks to fracture. Propping agents like sand or ceramic beads are injected into these fractures so they remain open once the pumping of fluid has stopped. This allows drilling companies to harvest the natural gas stored in the shale. Fluids used during the extraction process are pushed back to the surface from the pressure of the shale and are known as flowback. According to the Chevron website (2015), â€Å"Producing natural gas from shale is made possible by extended-reach horizontal drilling to access the resource and hydraulic fracturing where water under pressure isShow MoreRelatedFracking And Its Effects On The Environment856 Words   |  4 PagesFracking is one the most recent and efficient methods to create energy. In order to obtain this controversial natural gas, new jobs are created in rural areas, and as expected, electric bills decreased. Furthermore, Fracking creates enormous amounts of gas at an inexpensive price making the production of any other form of energy practically obsolete. Although not all countries or states in the United States think alike, some of them dispute the claim that fracking negatively affects the environmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The Environment1267 Words   |  6 Pagespeople arguing for the good and bad of it. This paper will examine views from both sides, its effects on the environment, review journal entries, and then show the conclusion reached about this process. The process you might have guessed that I am referring to is that of hydraulic fracturing or otherwise known as fracking by most people. First let me explain what this process involves and how it works. Fracking involves using a 99.5% sand, water, and special chemical additive to help bore through rockRead MoreFracking And Its Effects On The Environment1443 Words   |  6 Pageswhat experts and passionate amateurs alike have been debating about fracking, also known as hydraulic fracturing.. Although it has the potential to be a very lucrative process, presently fracking is far too detrimental to the environment, for example Southern Illinois’ Shawnee National Forest, for any environmentally conscious human being to be supportive of until there is a large change in the way the process affects the environment. Hydraulic fracturing is â€Å"the process of injecting liquid at highRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The Environment Essay1782 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch paper we will cuss and discuss the effects that â€Å"Hydraulic Fracturing† has had on the environment, the economy, and human life in general. This will be essential in rationalizing the overall effects it has had on the planet Earth, and those therein. This paper will also examine how â€Å"Fracking† works, and it will bring to light the good, the bad, and the ugly. The truth about fracking is that it is quickly becoming a nightmare for both the environment and humans alike, because there aren’t enoughRead More Fracking and its Effect on the Environment Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as fracking. Natural gas is a flammable gas mixture consisting of methane and several other hydrocarbons that occur naturally underground. Natural gas is used as fuel for heating, cooking, and even in some automo biles like the â€Å"RideOn† buses. This technique has only recently become economically feasible with the rising prices of fossil fuels, and there is much potential for recovering natural gas through fracking. However, fracking has many waste products and unusual side effects caused byRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The Environment And Citizens1715 Words   |  7 PagesAs Americans search for alternatives to purchasing oil and gas from overseas, the increase of fracking to extract compressed natural gas has risen dramatically. Remarkably, the public can only access limited research from independent scientists who list both the negative and the positive effects fracking is having on the environment and citizens’ health (Rosenberg, Phartiyal, Goldman, Branscomb, 2014, p. 75). Moreover, the American public and their elected officials are denied the chance to makeRead MoreThe Effects of Fracking on the Environment Essay913 Words   |  4 Pages While it is tr ue â€Å"fracking†, a procedure to obtain natural gas removal from shale formations, it is also true there have been infrastructure security issues associated with this practice. Furthermore, there have been ecological considerations from fracking brought to the forefront by countless environmentalists. Indeed, hydraulic fracturing, as it is referred to, is a process by which shale gas and oil is uprooted from a depth far below the earth’s exterior. The process of extracting shale gasRead MoreEffects Of Fracking On The Environment And Human Health1208 Words   |  5 PagesAustralia to supply all of Australia at current levels for more than 6130 years. Fracking extracts hydrocarbons from previously inaccessible sources of oil and gas using hydraulically pressurised liquid to fracture rock and release gas trapped in coal seams (Hester, R Harrison, R). This gas was once unprofitable because it was expensive and difficult to extract. The benefits and also the side effects of fracking need to be considered including whether the economic benefits outweigh the environmentalRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On Environmental Impacts On The Environment1094 Words   |  5 PagesSubstantial societal concerns regarding fracking s environmental impacts have been raised. Firstly, the water requirements are significant, with an average of 20 million litres used per well. This is 50-100 times more water than in conventional natural gas extraction. An increase in fracking may exacerbate current global water stress due to pollution, climate change and population growth (Kim 2014). In addition to this, the water mixtures used in fracking contain an average of 200 000 litres ofRead MoreThe Effect Of Fracking On The United States Economy And Leaving A Harmful Footprint Behind The Environment2007 Words   |  9 Pagesthe need without ever reaching satisfaction (Erich Fromm). Introduction Fracking is a complex political topic; nonetheless, fracking is showing a positive impact on the United States economy and leaving a harmful footprint behind the environment. In addition, consumers are experiencing a significant amount of savings due to the overwhelming supplies of oil; thus, the revolution in new technology is triggering an improper fracking system that contributes to airborne pollution and water contamination

A Change in My Life Free Essays

I have endured many changes in my life and many of them have happened over the past six years. Here are some examples of the changes I have gone through that lead up to the greatest change of my life graduating high school, getting married to the love of my life, loosing my grandfather, and having my son. But none of those changes could prepare me for the greatest change in my life that I had to go through, and that happened on November 19, 201. We will write a custom essay sample on A Change in My Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now What started as a typical Saturday morning with a visit with my parents would not end that way. My eighteen year old brother Wilson Gaut was staying the night with a friend of his Friday night and was suppose to be home Saturday morning well we had not heard from him and my mother asked me to call him to see if he wanted to her to hold breakfast for him. Well there was no answer so we went on about our morning and about ten minutes past and she told me to call him back and I did still no answer. At this point I went and began to get my clothes on and I heard my mother yelling and my stepfather telling her to calm down . Then she went to yelling for me and my car keys. When she opened the door I could tell she had been crying but I did not know what was going on. I went running after her and my stepdad told me to go with her after we got in the car she still had not told me what was going on. My mother began telling me to call my family members for example my grandmother and my aunt. My grandmother did not answer so I was told to have my aunt call her until she got an answer. We got to Upper Fort Hapton Road and I saw the rescue unit on in the road directing traffic and we told them that we were with family of the child, I still had no idea what happened. We topped the hill and I could see the fire trucks and ambulance I had then figured out that my brother was hurt. I saw a white sheet on the side of the road covering a body and I knew it was my brother but at that point it did not hit me. I did not sink in until I heard the police officer say to my mother, â€Å"Ma’ma I am sorry to say but your son, he did not make it. † My mother turned to me at that moment and started to tell me and I just hit the ground and started crying saying â€Å"no, not my baby brother!!! † Little did I know that, that day November 19, 2011 would be the worse day of my life, the day my life would change forever and the day my baby brother would be eighteen forever. How to cite A Change in My Life, Papers

Caspian Energy Oil and Gas Resources

Question: Describe about A Report on Effects of Oil Price Volatility Upon British Petroleum? Answer: Introduction The volatility in the international markets of commodities like oil and gas has a great impact on the businesses within the sector. The report shall ponder upon the reasons of such volatility and elaborate the effects of the same on the business of British Petroleum, as a firm in energy sector. An example would give an idea of the volatility in pricing, where per barrel of crude oil in the International markets, as monitored by OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) have shown massive price instability. In January of 2009 a barrel was priced at 42 USD which jumped to 100 USD in January 2011 and further went upto 125 USD in May 2011. Nevertheless, the January 2015 shows the price tag of 50 USD per barrel (Please refer Appendix). Such vast gaps are critical for business to be efficient and balance their act of future strategy formulation. Such uncertainties added with climate policies, growing social concerns, geo-political instability, limited supply are few of multiple risks that the business from this sector has to face (Bp.com, 2015, Csb.gov, 2013, Bergin, 2008). Why BP? British Petroleum (BP) is the British firm which ranks sixth among the majors of the global oil and gas sector with fifth largest revenue earnings. The business had been operating as Anglo Persian Oil company since 1908 which later renamed itself as BP in 1954. The forte of the business is its global presence, strong brand repute and experience in the field of oil and gas exploration and energy generation business. The diversity of businesses that the firm has accumulated is exploration, generation, refining, distribution, trading, marketing, energy production and other such petro-chemical products. Today the firm have an operational income of about 6.5 Billion USD with 84,5000 employees all across the globe. As on the end of 2013 the business had its presence in over 80 different nations from where 3.2 million barrel per day was the production volume. Further, the current reserves are estimated to be around 17.9 billion barrels (Bp.com, 2015). Nevertheless, the growing political tensions in the various parts of the globe have made few fields vulnerable to Terrorist attacks (as in the Middle East) while fields of China and Russia have its own national policy fallacies those effects the investments over and above the fluctuating production quantity, thus price. Furthermore, the business has diversified into non-traditional sources of energy production owing to gain stability in such a market to enhance its sustainability in an oligopolistic market. Thus BP is a classic firm for a case to study to decipher the strategies they have taken to transform its operations to reach the targeted goal (Obadi and Koraek, 2012). Critical analysis of Strategic choices The firm has its strategies to counter the volatility in the energy sector. The recent technological advancements have enabled the producing firms the ability to produce and transport both in traditional and non-traditional refining methods. However, the demand still remains high and supply on the downside due to geopolitical reasons. Few events like the acquisition of local refineries and reserves along with local producers acquired while expanding was the way that BP developed its volume, as we see on date. The firm has also undergone strict public scrutiny in its business phase for direct involvements in oil spills, accidents and environmental endangering incidents. The 2005 Texas city refinery explosion which caused 15 deaths, the 2006 Prudhoe bay Oil spills resulting in USD 25 million civil penalty, the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil leak also attracted a huge outcry when it did hit the bio-diversity with a 1.8 billion gallons of oil leak in the high seas (Valvi and Fragkos, 2013). Thus the strategic overview of the business investments, project breakdowns, disinvestments, cost efficiencies etc to determine the strategic motives linked to volatility in crude oil price in international commodity markets. The Macro-economic view to mitigate the resilience of price had been the concern for all major oil and gas businesses since 1970s. The vulnerability has various macro as well as micro economic effects on the drillers being the most globalized commodity is huge. The climate change issues and production of fuel for economic growth are the two ends of the scale that the Nations are trying to achieve. Different laws to mitigate the carbon emission, changing regimes of nations with oil reserves along with policy shifts, drilling risks and cost to profit ratios are thus very uneven in the sector making a strategic stability very vulnerable and thus the forecasting unpredictable. The 90% of all the global energy is generated out of fossil fuel which then in turn drives the industrial revolution. Thus the fluctuations have a significant environmental and macroeconomic perspectives associated with it. The fundamentals of oil market suggest that the demand and supply of oil market are based on short term supply so the change in demand supply may have a large price deviation. Hence it can be said that the business of BP is thus vulnerable to many social, economic, political, technological factors those have direct effects on the businesses stability and strategies (Surrey and Gregg, 2003). Investment in New Project and Technology BP has invested in acquiring firms from around the globe to expand under different names depending on location and the conglomerations that they form there. For an example Russian BP owns nearly 20% of Rosneft as an investment (Csb.gov, 2013). This policy is a well judged one as the history of Shell, another Oil and Gas company experience in Russia was not good where the stake they had was over 80% in a Government backed conglomerate of Gazprom, which they had to surrender to the national Government with change of State policies under the Putin regime. Russia is the second largest oil rich nation thus the 20% stake in the market making a great stake the global hydrocarbon fuel reserve, ensuring future excavation resources for future. The business could manage 3.8 Billion USD in the year (Financial year/ FYI) ended as on December 2014 and have an operational cash flow of 32.8 Billion USD to the 21.1 USD of 2013 FYI (Bp.com, 2015). Thus the investments had been huge so has been the ret urns giving the liquidity needed for investments in offshore merger and acquisitions for future stability and reserve enhancement for a capacity that meets the demands for investors in future. It includes subsidiaries in oil and natural gas alike in 80 various nations, globally. This global expanse is another strategic investment from BPs part to establish the needed buffer as well as enhance the capacity from 2.1 million barrels of daily production to 3.2 million barrels in 2014 year end. Hence, the supply in a global scale as well as production sources in various parts have given the needed efficiency and cost affectivity to the business needed logistics support, marketing functions, manufacturing and distribution in 80 economies (Ey.com, 2014). Slowing Down of Projects The business started its inception as Anglo Persian out of Irans deposits. Later they acquitted various other firms in other corners like North Sea, Gulf, Saudi, China Sea, Australia like vast expanses with full fledged production, distribution and marketing activities that have effectively given the business leverage in terms of market presence and leverage in terms of cost of operations in various economies to its competitors (Nduka, 2015). The diversification had been a costly affair but had been a boon considering the potential and volume it had generated over time. The downstream businesses like the petro chemical products like lubricants, nylon, plastic, poly-ethylene like byproducts have further consolidated the business. Natural gas deposits and exploration is the second major vertical which have been well utilized where they have effectively used the supply chain via trains, trucks and pipelines (Kretzschmar et al. 2007). The bio-fuel generating investments in terms of alter native fuel and energy production via natural renewable sources are the other aspect of the businesses investment. Disinvestments of Parts for Consolidation The fluctuation in the energy sector have been well monitored and thus the alternative energy resources like wind energy, hydro and solar energy like clean sources are been undertaken to boost the futuristic infrastructure needed for the eminent future due to massive climate change issues and social awareness (Murota and Ito, 1996). The change in crude oil price is not in the businesss control where the situations are politically manipulated and thus gives the price as well as production fluctuations. However, the businesses have its capacities to get enhance production in one part of the globe, if one part of the globe is posing problem. The demand and supply balance is needed to have the stability of global crude oil prices so the geo political stability is a necessity in those parts which rests on huge oil reserves (Reed, 2012). The futuristic model was build keeping the deepwater deposit, Arctic deposits, onshore deposits in a manner where the infrastructures was build to gain th e best of operational leverage. However, the futuristic plans of alternative fuel, nuclear energy like clean sources would be more viable to invest into as the social perspective of fossil fuel is changing fast. The futuristic balance of alternate fuel for energy production, distribution network and infrastructure are being undertaken with the new explorations and network creation for future prospects. The investors finds the balance to be a safe bargain to invest into. Nevertheless, there are aspects like safety and environmental damage control where the business needs to ponder more to apply technologies and safety measures that let no accident or disaster as had been the case in the past. The Chairman of the Business keeps the investors returns as priority. This priority have its flipside too where the production pressure needs to be equally distributed so that the business can generate the revenue, cater demands in all 80 markets even in times of political pressures on disruption of production. The balancing of revenue generation from the horizontal line of petro-chemical Business as well as oil and gas with vertical integration of the clean energy within the business value generation processes. Therefore, secure production infrastructure, safety issues control and further integration of global supply-chain for enhanced distribution and supply as per demand needs to be achieved (Bp.com, 2015). Strategic acquisition or Merger activity The strategic acquisition of the business was such that it covered each part of the globe where the model was to build a full proof exploration, drilling, refining, distribution and marketing easy, cost effective and thus gained substantial share of market. The infrastructure investments had been huge but to attract investors the business had to go miles in choosing fields to acquire, explore or go in a conglomerate from another economy outside UK. Steady but slow process of choosing what to acquire and invest into. The 2014 had a volatile time for the sector and is supposed to go on in 2015 too. The ISIS threat of Middle East for one have been a source of concern for the authorities as the black market of oil mafia have disrupted the stability of 100USD per barrel cost (Bashir and Holtam, 2015). Cost Efficiency measures The evidence of cheap black-market oil being bought by Power plants has further made the pricing volatile and unpredictable to a large extend. Nevertheless, the average output of the 94.9% efficiency in refining and 90% in operating plant efficiency have given the business the edge to mitigate such local threats in an overall global perspective (Bp.com, 2015). This is the strategic measure to develop a quality portfolio with a medium pricing strategy where the fluctuations would not be the reason of loss making or drainage of funds allocated for other projects. However, the Ernst and Young survey suggests that the economic collapse global have reduced the demand for oil for energy production and so has the global outlook towards fossil fuel which poses a long term threat. The business in next five years has to integrate in a way that it can balance its revenue from energy production from both fossil fuel and renewable source of energy. This would give the firm to focus upon the way t he International Governments wish to take the energy policy forward in the next five years. Therefore, investments in renewable sources and disinvestments in volatile political areas would give a better stand and resilience for BP in the coming years. Conclusion and Recommendations The volatility of the Crude oil commodity in the international market is thus projected to be continued. The business thus needs to accommodate the risks and opportunities to gain the best value out of the business for the investors. The mix of new age technology, integrated supply chain, new explorations, investments and disinvestment in accordance to the Geo Political conditions are the key that holds the future for the BP. Nevertheless, the futuristic exposure to renewable energy sources is a very measured strategic step that the business has undertaken for investors confidence. The recommendations for BP for its future ventures shall be focusing in 3 major areas in its strategy formulation. The operational, financial and portfolio resilience is the key to it. The recommendations are as follows: Figure 1: The Recommended model of Strategy formulation in next five years for BP (Source: As designed by Author) The model would be designed to identify the areas of concern, look for a viable solution and adapt in it to mitigate the futuristic risks, if any. The investments in the operational processes that enhance safety while gives better equipment efficiency is what the business should be looking into. Financial Resilience: The optimization of capital structures with best venture selection that attracts banks and investors to invest so as to keep the ongoing projects fund pumped to generate more value. Thus which is asset and what are the liabilities needs to be identified to mitigate future risks. The balance of cash inflow also needs to be equated with the returns so that the attractively is maintained among the investors. For an example the business may venture in the south China Sea where Vietnam and China have disputes and in the long run the investment may be fatal due to geo political reasons. Had it been invested in a stable part of globe like Australia or in Arctic seas it would be safer considering the current trends of political stability globally. In the same way the business may shift its focus from Syria till the time its volatile which again would needs the business to venture in a stable place that would give over all stability and volume needed for investors return s and well as maintain operational cash flow on. Portfolio resilience: The business of BP has already read the sings of the future and has invested in alternate energy generation so that it may sustain itself assuming one vertical is not profitable so that the business in entirety do not suffer. Allocation of funds on an overall product portfolio is needed so that one may mitigate the risks. The opportunity to enhance in petrochemical line for an example if the Gas production is hampered would let the business sustain in the overall returns of projects it has invested into. For BP the alternative energy generation sources, opportunistic acquisitions while disinvestments in volatile assets like fields of Iraq may be a good option forward. Operational resilience: The integration of business in a model that delivers the best cost savings in operations and distribution. The BPs gas pipeline projects across national borders have enhanced its ability to have cost savings and greater integration of supply chain. Further, the technology investments for safety to see least wastage and most efficient use of plant and machinery for operational efficiency is the call of the times. In the same line the exploration and identification of new fields to explore and optimize the financials in the oligopolistic global crude oil market. Thus the future belongs to the business of BP depending upon the aforesaid criteria as well as its strategic ability to adapt in futuristic energy need situations, identify the scopes and thus mitigate the risks as needed from time to time depending upon the macro-economic factors to keep the investors confidence upright in a volatile energy sector, globally. List of References Amineh, M. and Houweling, H. (2003). II. Caspian Energy: Oil and Gas Resources and the Global Market. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2(3), pp.391-406 Bashir, H. and Holtam, D. (2015). Crude awakening :Deloitte UK. [online] Deloitte United Kingdom. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/energy-and-resources/articles/crude-awakening.html# [Accessed 3 Jul. 2015]. Bergin, T. (2008). Oil majors' output growth hinges on strategy shift. [online] Reuters. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/2008/08/01/us-oilmajors-production-idUSL169721220080801 [Accessed 3 Jul. 2015] Bp.com, (2015). Post war: About BP : BP Global. [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/our-history/history-of-bp/post-war.html [Accessed 3 Jul. 2015] Bp.com, (2015). Strategic Report, 2014. [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/investors/Strategic_Report_2014.pdf [Accessed 3 Jul. 2015] C. Valvi, A. and C. Fragkos, K. (2013). Crisis communication strategies: a case of British Petroleum. Industrial and Commercial Training, 45(7), pp.383-391 Csb.gov, (2013). British Petroleum case reports. [online] Available at: https://www.csb.gov/assets/document/CSBFinalReportBP.pdf [Accessed 3 Jul. 2015] Ey.com, (2014). Resilience in a time of volatility: Oil prices and the energy industry. [online] Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/ey-resilience-in-a-time-of-volatility/$FILE/ey-resilience-in-a-time-of-volatility.pdf [Accessed 3 Jul. 2015] Kretzschmar, G., Misund, B. and Hatherly, D. (2007). Market risks and oilfield ownershipRefining oil and gas disclosures. Energy Policy, 35(11), pp.5909-5917 Surrey, K. and Gregg, M.C. (2003) Mitigating global warming: traditional versus alternative approaches in a planning versus a market context. Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 44(2), p.118 Murota, Y. and Ito, K. (1996). Global warming and developing countries. Energy Policy, 24(12), pp.1061-1077 Nduka, A. (2015). The World Energy Challenge and Global Warming. Energy and Power Engineering, 07(04), pp.105-109 Obadi, S. and Koraek, M. (2012). The Analysis of Natural Gas and Crude Oil Market from the Global and EU Perspective. Studia commercialia Bratislavensia, 5(18) Olcott, M. (2010). Central Asia's Oil and Gas Reserves: To Whom Do They Matter?. Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, 2(3), pp.257-300 Reed, S. (2012). Series of Write-Downs Leads to Second-Quarter Loss at BP. [online]Nytimes.com. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/01/business/energy-environment/01iht-bp01.html?_r=0 [Accessed 3 Jul. 2015]. Rentscheler, J. (2013). Oil Price volatility its risk on economic growth and development. [online] Let's Talk Development. Available at: https://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/oil-price-volatility-its-risk-economic-growth-and-development [Accessed 3 Jul. 2015] Willis.Resilience.com (2015) Managing the impact of oil price volatility on the energy sector. [online] Available at: https://www.resilience.willis.com/articles/2015/01/07/impact-oil-prices-energy-sector/ [Accessed 3 Jul. 2015]